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Hedgehog in the Cage
Hedgehog in the Cage (in Czech: Ježek v kleci) is a mechanical puzzle popular in the Czech Republic which features prominently in the ''"Dobrodružství v temných uličkách"'' (Adventures in the Dark Alleys) trilogy of adventure stories by Jaroslav Foglar. The puzzle consists of a small sphere with protruding spikes of various lengths contained within a cylinder perforated with holes of different sizes. The challenge posed by the puzzle is how to release the sphere (the hedgehog) from the cylinder (the cage).
== History ==
Although known mainly through the children's stories written by the Czech Jaroslav Foglar in the 1940s, Hedgehog in the Cage has its origins in the United States. The first known model of the puzzle was patented by the American inventor Clarence A. Worrall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 7 April, 1896.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Patent number: 558009 )〕 It has been suggested that Worrall's invention was inspired by a Japanese puzzle called the ''Snake and Star'', which appeared in the catalogue of the games manufacturer Selchow & Righter on 25 May, 1895.〔 The principle of both inventions is similar: solving the puzzle involves finding the correct position and angle that allows the object ("the hedgehog" or "the star") to be removed from its entrapment in the cage or the snake.
The Hedgehog puzzle seems to have arrived in Czechoslovakia around 1935. It was produced at a toy factory in Roudnice nad Labem. It was not until 1940 that it achieved its remarkable level of popularity, when Jaroslav Foglar published "Záhada hlavolamu" (Mystery of the Conundrum), the first part of his sequence of stories about the Rychlé šípy (Rapid Arrows) boys' club.〔The first edition of the novel was published in sequels in a popular magazine ''Mladý hlasatel'' (Young Herald) from 1940.〕 Rychlé šípy comics series began to appear in the magazine ''Mladý hlasatel'' (Young Herald) in December 1938, and gradually became the most popular series in the history of the Czech comics.〔 (''"...psát o autorech a okolnostech vzniku nejslavnějšího českého komiksu je nošením dříví do lesa..."'')〕 However, their adventures involving the Hedgehog in the Cage are written in the standard novel form.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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